1 Samuel 15:3

Authorized King James Version

Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עַתָּה֩
at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
#2
לֵ֨ךְ
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#3
וְהִכִּיתָ֜ה
and smite
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
עֲמָלֵ֗ק
Amalek
amalek, a descendant of esau; also his posterity and their country
#6
וְהַֽחֲרַמְתֶּם֙
and utterly destroy
to seclude; specifically (by a ban) to devote to religious uses (especially destruction); physical and reflexive, to be blunt as to the nose
#7
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#8
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#9
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#10
ל֔וֹ
H0
#11
וְלֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
תַחְמֹ֖ל
all that they have and spare
to commiserate; by implication, to spare
#13
עָלָ֑יו
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#14
וְהֵֽמַתָּ֞ה
them not but slay
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#15
מֵאִ֣ישׁ
both man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#16
עַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#17
אִשָּׁ֗ה
and woman
a woman
#18
מֵֽעֹלֵל֙
infant
a suckling
#19
וְעַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#20
יוֹנֵ֔ק
and suckling
to suck; causatively, to give milk
#21
מִשּׁ֣וֹר
ox
a bullock (as a traveller)
#22
וְעַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#23
שֶׂ֔ה
and sheep
a member of a flock, i.e., a sheep or goat
#24
מִגָּמָ֖ל
camel
a camel
#25
וְעַד
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
#26
חֲמֽוֹר׃
and ass
a male ass (from its dun red)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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